توحيد ألمانيا | الدحيح

تدور الحلقة حول قصة قيام الرايخ الثاني أو المحاولة الثانية لتوحيد الناطقين بالألمانية في إمبراطورية واحدة بعد زوال الإمبراطورية الرومانية المقدسة التي أسسها شارلمان على يد نابليون بونابرت عام 1806، تتناول الحلقة قصة المستشار الحديدي "بسمارك" الذي نجح عبر هندسة ثلاثة حروب بشكل متعمد ومخطط مع الدانمارك والنمسا وفرنسا في تحويل ألمانيا من 39 ولاية متحاربة ومتشرذمة إلى إمبراطورية مخيفة، وكيف تحولت ثقافة الحرب لخلق الروح الألمانية إلى نبوءة ستجعل ألمانيا تصنع جحيم الحربين العالميتين #الدحيح المصادر : 1-Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/bismarck_otto_von.shtml 2-Otto von Bismarck: a brief guide to the ‘founder of modern Germany’ https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/otto-von-bismarck-unification-germany-unify-biography-facts-how-prussian-politician/ 3-Otto von Bismarck/ britannica https://www.britannica.com/biography/Otto-von-Bismarck 4-Otto von Bismarck/ history https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/otto-von-bismarck 5-How has Bismarck escaped most of the blame for the first world war? https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2014/dec/31/bismarck-escaped-blame-first-world-war 6-Bismarck: A Life by Jonathan Steinberg – review https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/mar/19/bismarck-life-jonathan-steinberg-review 7-/ Being Bismarck/ hoover institute https://www.hoover.org/research/being-bismarck 8-Otto von Bismarck: How did he maintain peace in Europe https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/08/31/otto-von-bismarck-how-did-he-maintain-peace-in-europe/?fbclid=IwAR0miHByu20CvomOyw6EtMgFL0iRLj82gEwbfRrXynD-DMKd-yLaBAueRNU 9-Bismarck: a Chancellor and Demon - Part 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=6Z5uu0Sfajs&t=3s 10-Bismarck: a Chancellor and Demon - Part 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=XDSEtQxBO2U&t=892s 11-One man, three wars and the creation of Germany https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/one-man-three-wars-and-the-creation-of-germany/2022/01/07/0d4d840e-5787-11ec-a808-3197a22b19fa_story.html 12-The Germanic Tribes https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-westerncivilization/chapter/the-germanic-tribes/ 13-HISTORY OF GERMANIA https://germaniamint.com/history-of-germania/ 14-The First Reich: The Holy Roman Empire - See U in History https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1mLC2GsocE 15-What Were the 1st and 2nd Reichs? https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=YtlXi-D5gWo&t=7s 16-Battle of Austerlitz https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2253/battle-of-austerlitz/ 17-The Confederation of the Rhine https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zqyrcdm/revision/2 18-The Revolutions of 1848: A Wave of Anti-Monarchism Sweeps Europe https://www.thecollector.com/revolutions-of-1848-anti-monarchism-europe/ 19-The Congress of Vienna: Redrawing Europe https://www.thecollector.com/congress-of-vienna-redrawing-europe / https://www.historytoday.com/archive/what-was-congress-vienna 20-What was the Schleswig-Holstein Question anyway? https://jonn.substack.com/p/what-was-the-schleswig-holstein-question 21-Austro-Prussian War https://newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Austro-Prussian_War 22-THE EMS DISPATCH: THE TELEGRAM THAT STARTED THE FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR https://www.napoleon.org/en/history-of-the-two-empires/articles/the-ems-dispatch-the-telegram-that-started-the-franco-prussian-war/ 23-Ems telegram https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095750459;jsessionid=CABCBB35245FBE217E71DBC82DCCDB7C 24-Death and sacrifice in the Franco-Prussian war https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/73461/ 25-louis xiii and versailles https://en.chateauversailles.fr/discover/history#louis-xiii-and-versailles1607-1638 https://en.chateauversailles.fr/news/exhibitions/treaty-versailles#a-diplomatic-reception https://en.versailles-tourisme.com/visit-and-explore-versailles-the-royal-town/palace-of-versailles-visits/the-palace-of-versailles/the-treaty-of-versailles#:~:text=This%20event%20led%20to%20Versailles,on%20several%20occasions%20in%201918. https://myprivateparis.com/the-100th-anniversary-of-the-treaty-of-versailles / https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/treaty-versailles-ends-wwi/ 26-How The World Went To War In 1914 https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/how-the-world-went-to-war-in-1914